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    Japan is located in the monsoonal areas of Asia and has heavier precipitation than other countries. Per capita precipitation in Japan is, however, only approximately a quarter of the world average. Precipitation also varies substantially according to the season and concentrates in the rainy and typhoon seasons. River water alternately increases and decreases, causing floods or water shortages and having grave impact on people's lives and economic activities.

     

    In Japan, there are ranges of high mountains and short rivers in narrow spaces. The rivers are remarkably steeper than continental rivers. The rainwater that falls on mountains quickly flows down to the sea.

    It is therefore necessary to construct dams and levees to prevent floods and take designated quantities of water throughout the year, and canals to convey water from rivers to farms and water purification plants.

     

    Precipitaion in Japan has recently been fluctuating drastically from year to year and has been on the decline from a long-term prespective. Low precipitation in some years and declining precipitation levels have been adversely affecting stable supply of water in major river systems.

    With increasing environmental concerns, efforts to minimize the effects on the environment and considerations for maintaining water quality and improving surrounding environments are becoming essential.

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